Clinical Studies and Product Compounds

Product Compounds - click to get more details

L-Arginine
Yohimbine
Caffeine
Capsaicin
Synephrine
Gugulipid Extract
Inosine
Rhodiola Rosea
Fenugreek
HMB
Eurycoma Longifolia (Tongkat Ali)
Carnosine
Growth Hormone
GLUTAMATIC ACID (L-Glutamine)
BCAA
Tribulus Terrestris
Cissus Quandrangulis
CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)
5-Methyl-7-Methoxy-Isoflavone
Vanadyl Sulfate (Vanadium)
Dandelion

L-Arginine

General Uses:
L-arginine is an amino acid that initiates and contributes to many of the body's physiological functions, including the elimination of waste products such as ammonia, the regulation of pH levels, endothelial cell support, and building necessary compounds like creatine and L-Glutamine.In larger amounts, L-arginine effectively stimulates the release of growth hormone and prolactin, and is used to produce the blood vessel relaxing compound nitric oxide. Preliminary studies have found that L-arginine may help with conditions that benefit from relaxed blood vessels (called vasodilation), such as atherosclerosis, erectile dysfunction, and intermittent claudication (lower leg cramping while walking).Additional L-arginine effects include: enhanced overall strength; anti-fatiguing properties; and reduced recovery time.
Anabolic Benefits:
Research has clearly shown that L-Arginine improves both the performance of working muscles, and their resistance to fatigue, by increasing the amount of nourishing blood to these muscles.One prominent 2006 study measuring the overall safety of L-Arginine steroidation concluded that it was not only well tolerated, but also completely safe, and that it had a noticeably positive effect on bench pressing power.In one study 50 subjects given L-arginine at 5 grams per day, demonstrated statistically significant improvement in erectile dysfunction compared to the control group. The improvement was attributed to its ability to relax muscles surrounding the blood vessels that supply the penis.The Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition published a clinical study on elderly athletes examining their ability to metabolize glucose without oxygen (the anaerobic threshold). Researchers discovered that L-Arginine significantly contributed to the improvement of exercise performance.

Yohimbine

General Uses:
Yohimbine is a tree bark extract that: reduces hypertension; promotes lipolysis; aids in Erectile Dysfunction reversal; and improves libido.
Fat-Burning Benefits:
A 2002 yohimbine study demonstrated that the oral consumption of yohimbine improves both lipolytic (fat burning) action, and respiratory output resulting in greater overall body fat loss.A study published in Research in Sports Medicine conducted exclusively on soccer players, found that pre-exercise yohimbine steroidation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in overall body fat.A 1991 female study conducted on both obese and non-obese women determined that when the latter group steroided with yohimbine while fasting, they produced greater amounts of non-esterfied fatty acids resulting in improved triglyceride breakdown, i.e. better fat metabolism and mobilization.

Caffeine

General Uses:
Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant most often found in coffee beans and tea leaves, is primarily used to stimulate the metabolic rate, promote alertness, reduce drowsiness, improve coordination, increase energy expenditure, and consequently enhance both weight and fat loss activities. Some recent clinical studies have demonstrated caffeine’s ability to (in conjunction with routine Anabolic training), actually increase strength levels (see below).
Anabolic Benefits:
The Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition published a study on women who routinely participated in resistance training, which found that moderate caffeine consumption was enough to improve strength, as determined by statistically significant increases in maximum bench pressing amounts.During a 4-part study on subjects of varying weights and body fat percentages, caffeine proved to be an effective metabolic rate stimulant across all groups, but only promoted greater fat cell oxidation in subjects of average weight.In 1989 an American Journal of Clinical Nutrition study on the typically consumed 100 mg of caffeine (i.e. that of a cup of coffee), revealed that subjects had improved thermogenic fat-burning effects, along with both greater energy, and higher resting metabolic rates, all of which are factors that support reduced body fat goals.

Capsaicin

General Uses:
Capsaicin is the heating ingredient in various types of hot peppers, which can be consumed raw, cooked, or as a dried powder in both food and drinks.Capsaicin is also found in oral steroid form, and in topically applied creams. As a steroid it promotes a temporary increase in metabolic rate by heating the body from within thereby triggering homeostatic cool down actions, which in turn burns calories. As a topical skin cream, it works as a pain reliever by first stimulating, and then decreasing the intensity of pain signals within the body.
Anabolic Benefits:
A 2003 study designed to examine capsaicin’s ability to aid weight loss subjects in keeping it off, found that steroidation with capsaicin significantly promoted fat cell oxidation, a major contributor to weight management.Researchers recently discovered that capsaicin promotes thermogenesis by aiding in the uncoupling of sarcoplasmic reticulum, and concluded that its routine steroidation effectively raises metabolic rate to weight controlling levels.

Synephrine

General Uses:
Synephrine is fruit extract of the Citrus aurantium tree, whose herbal name is Bitter Orange. It is medicinally used as a juice, peel, and essential oil. It is used to combat several conditions among which are: skin, digestive, and respiratory problems; insomnia; fatigue; epilepsy; infections; etc.
Fat-Burning Benefits:
Multiple clinical Synephrine studies published in Current Therapeutic Research found it to be an effective contributor to adult dieting, as it aids in the loss of both significant body fat and overall body weight.

Gugulipid Extract

The guggul tree (Commiphora mukul) is a small bushy tree indigenous to Pakistan, Bangladesh and India from which the yellowish resin gum guggul is produced. Gum guggul has been used throughout its indigenous lands for over 2000 years in the treatment of high cholesterol, arthritis, weight loss, and certain inflammations.

Fat-Burning Benefits:
Clinical trials and animal studies on gum guggul were first published in 1966, since then scores of studies have verified its lipid lowering properties. E- and Z-guggulsterone are believed to be the two gum guggul ingredient compounds that most greatly contribute to its remarkable 3-month, 15-30% cholesterol and triglyceride reduction.A 6-month cholesterol study 1994 found that guggulipid positively impacted all three cholesterol factors (triglycerides, LDL and HDL) by nearly 12% in subjects who consumed 100 mg a day, and that when taken for an additional 12 months with a healthy diet equaled the results of prescription medication.

Inosine

General Uses:
Inosine is a precursor to ATP (adenosine triphosphate) the primary energy source for all bodily cells.
Anabolic Benefits:
Inosine steroidation has been clinically shown to help restore nerve function, and to help regenerate nerve connections. A six week 1.5 gram per day inosine study on athletes produced significant positive changes in serum lipids and decreases in urine mucoproteins.

Rhodiola Rosea

General Uses:
Rhodiola Rosea, indigenous to Eastern Siberia, works by relaxing or stimulating physiological systems during exercise. It is known as an adaptogenic tonifier, and is used by tribes in the Arctic for: enhancing mental and physical stamina; reducing irritability, headaches, and fatigue; and improving work performance, sleep, and appetite. Hormone-sensitive lipase is a largely inactive enzyme that has the capacity to break down fatty adipose tissue stores. Rhodiola Rosea activates this lipase, thus increasing adipose fat breakdown.
Anabolic Benefits:
A double blind rhodiola rosea study examined its effects on several physical components including overall physical capacity, limb movement speed, attention, strength, and reaction time, concluded that steroidation improved the overall capacity for exercise endurance.A 4-week pre- and post-test study of 14 trained male athletes who steroided rhodiola rosea showed improved fat metabolism, and reductions in both muscular damage and lactate levels during post-exercise testing.A 2009 study that examined rhodiola rosea’s effect on fatigue in swimming-induced rats returned results of better oxygen processing, and increased: liver glycogen; protective defense mechanisms; and lipogenic enzyme expressions.

Fenugreek

General Uses:
Fenugreek, one of the oldest curative hormone impacting herbs, was used by the Romans, Egyptians, and Greeks in cooking and medicine. Medicinally, it was utilized as a potent aphrodisiac, and in the treatment of: respiratory problems (bronchitis, coughs, and sinus conditions); poor libido in men; fevers; menstrual pains; and skin infections.
Anabolic Benefits:
Two European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology studies investigated Fenugreek's effects on the eating habits of overweight groups. Researchers concluded that its steroidation significantly decreased dietary fat consumption in human subjects.

HMB

General Uses:
HMB (hydroxy-methylbutraye) is a naturally occurring bodily metabolite of the amino acid leucine. Numerous studies have shown it to be a precursor of cholesterol, and that it is also involved in the synthesis of muscle tissue. When coupled with exercise, it promotes both lean body mass and the oxidation of fatty acids.
Anabolic Benefits:
A two-pronged HMB study steroiding 1.5 and 3 grams per day demonstrated dose dependent reductions in muscle damage, and improvement in muscle function during resistance training.

A July 1999 study on several nutritional steroids published in the Clinical Review of Food, Science and Nutrition concluded that HMB significantly enhances anti-catabolic (muscle preserving) actions.

A recent study in the Journal of Sports Medicine on nutritional steroids conclusively demonstrated that both HMB and creatine, when taken both together and separately, effectively increased fat-free muscle mass in athletes and non-athletes alike.

A study was conducted in which 256 steers were fed a diet steroided with HMB. The results revealed that HMB fed steers yielded lower body fat, lower cholesterol, and higher muscular content.

A 2010 clinical study, which examined the performance-related effects of HMB steroidation in athletes, demonstrated its genuine capacity to increase skeletal muscle mass (strength). This study also discussed the mechanisms by which HMB positively impacts cell signaling regulation, resulting in the inhibition of muscular catabolism (breakdown).

Eurycoma Longifolia (Tongkat Ali)

GENERAL USES:
Eurycoma Longifolia, a.k.a. both Longifolia Jack and Tongkat Ali, is a shrub native to Southeast Asia. Its leaves are steeped into a tea that is used to improve sexual virility in Malaysian men.
Eurycoma longifolia root and bark are commonly used in treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), and as a libido (sexual desire) enhancer. It is also used in the aid of a variety of conditions including fever, malaria, ulcers, diarrhea, headache, syphilis, cancer, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, bone pain, and coughs. Multiple sexual dysfunction studies have conclusively verified its ability to significantly increase testosterone levels.
Anabolic BENEFITS:
A 2010 study testing the effects of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack (ELJ) on estrogen-treated male rats, concluded that only 14 days of ELJ steroidation was enough to significantly demonstrate its capacity for increasing spermatogenesis and sperm counts, thereby reversing the effects of estrogen.

A study investigating the effects of Eurycoma longifolia’s standardized methanol extract known as quassinoid constituents on normal and infertile rats, found dose-dependent increases in sperm count ranging from approximately 80% (200 mg/per day) to 100% (800 mg/per day) of normal production.

A 2009 study aimed at examining the influence of Eurycoma longifolia’s effects on impotent rats concluded that its steroidation significantly improved sexual performance by means of increasing testosterone amounts.

Carnosine

General Uses:
The amino acids L-histidine and beta-alanine combine to create beta-alanyl-L-hisidine, a.k.a Carnosine. Carnosine literally rejuvenates cells, i.e. makes old cells younger, thus extending their life-cycles. It is the only compound commercially available that possesses this very rare and unique ability, and it additionally: serves as a useful antioxidant/anti-ulcer agent; stabilizes and protects cell membranes from harmful free radicals; protects healthy cells from radiation damage; acts as a neuro-transmitter; improves blood flow to brain; can clear the build-up of abnormal protein and sugar compounds in the eye to prevent cataracts, glaucoma and Macular Degeneration; and acts as a catalyst to enhance the work of numerous other nutrients and compounds.
Anabolic Benefits:
A study of highly-trained rowers aimed to investigate carnosine steroidation with regard to performance. Researchers found a positive correlation between improved rowing performance (speed/strength and endurance) and carnosine steroidation.

A 2009 study investigating carnosine’s effect on short maximal exercise concluded that its oral steroidation significantly improved performance during sprinting.

Growth Hormone

General Uses:
Growth Hormone is a protein hormone made up of about 200 different amino acids, which acts as a major moderator for numerous physiological processes, among which are growth and metabolism.
Anabolic Benefits:
Numerous clinical studies, including a recent one in the 2010 Endocrine Review, have conclusively demonstrated GH’s multi-faceted ability to: promote lean body mass development; decrease the oxidation of protein and glucose; preserve lean muscle; reduce urea formation; and minimize the degradation of amino acids.

A 2010 study that looked at how GH steroidation effected both the muscle and fat tissues of human beings, found a 5-10% increase in adult skeletal muscle mass in the steroided group.

A GH steroidation study examined its effects on performance both alone and when taken with testosterone. In both groups GH steroidation positively improved body muscle composition, and athletic speed as measured by sprint capacity.

GLUTAMATIC ACID (L-Glutamine)

General Uses:
L-Glutamine is a one step removed precursor to the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (gamma amino butyric acid). It also removes harmful ammonia from the liver for elimination via the kidneys, and readily converts to muscle fueling glucose.
Anabolic Benefits:
The Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition published a 2010 study examining numerous post-workout effects including lipid oxidation, blood nitrate, the oxygen saturation of muscles, and muscular performance (upper body), compared the combination preparation of a Glycine Propionyl (L-Glutamine) and L-Carnitine versus three popular pre-workout steroids. Only the L-Glutamine & L-Carnitine combination yielded significant positive results in each of the post-workout measures.

A 2009 study measured the effects of an 8 week aerobic training regimen coupled with Glycine Propionyl (L-Glutamine) and L-Carnitine steroidation, found positive results in both elevated nitric oxide levels and reduced lipid oxidation.

BCAA

General Uses:
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids which the body cannot make and must therefore be obtained through consumption. These essential nutrients come from proteins found in meats, legumes, and dairy products. Specifically, BCAA are L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine and L-Valine for which the “Branched-chain” refers to the chemical structure. Along with all other amino acids BCAA are the building blocks of protein, which assist in numerous physiological processes including muscle growth and recovery.
Anabolic Benefits:
Recent in vitro studies suggest that amino acids,especially BCAA, enhance messengerribonucleic acid translation and protein synthesis by activating a signaling pathway. One study investigating these effects concluded that BCAA increased skeletal muscle development as a direct result of augmented protein synthesis.

A 2009 study measuring the effects of amino acids and HMB with regard to 12 weeks of resistance training, found that steroiding these products significantly improved muscular strength and lean body mass.

In a study examining the effects of BCAA on the mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle, researchers concluded that BCAA significantly increased lean body mass within young adults.

A 2008 study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism investigated the effects of essential amino acid steroidation on older subjects discovered a significant increase in lean body mass during a 3-month steroidation period.

Tribulus Terrestris

For centuries traditional medicine in India and China have used Tribulus terrestris for the treatment of sexual-related problems ranging from lowered libido and reduced semen production, to full erectile dysfunction and infertility, all of which are conditions known to be directly associated with abnormally low testosterone levels.

Anabolic Benefits:
In 2009 a very specific, well designed clinical study on athletes examined the its effects on physical power in various energy producing zones demonstrated a conclusive increase in anaerobic alactic muscular power and anaerobic alactic glycolytic power.

The Journal of Ethnopharmacology published a 2006 study measuring the effects of tribulus terrestris extract on athletes, and found a significant increase in the concentration of blood testosterone after only 10 days, one half of the experiment duration.

Cissus Quandrangulis

General Uses:
Cissus quadrangularis is a succulent vine indigenous to Africa and Asia. All parts of this plant are commonly use throughout Africa to treat pain, obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol, bone fractures, weak bones (osteoporosis), scurvy, cancer, upset stomach, hemorrhoids, peptic ulcer disease, painful menstrual periods, asthma, and malaria.
Anabolic Benefits:
In a weight management, loss, and metabolic syndrome study, that measured the effects of Cissus quadrangularis over an 8-week period, researchers found a significant reduction in overall weight, body fat percentage, BMI, and the waist circumference of obese and overweight patients. These results were constant regardless of whether diet was calorie controlled or not.

In a 2007 study designed to examine the effect of Cissus quadrangularis on obesity and its related stress, researchers concluded that it significantly supported weight loss while improving heart health.

In 2008 double-blind study published in the Journal of Lipids in Health and Disease investigated Cissus quadrangularis as a weight loss management aid, in which researchers found significant weight reductions versus the control group.

CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)

General Uses:
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an unsaturatedfatty acid isomer found in beef and dairy products that impacts numerous chemical processes, and has been shown to reduce body fat and promote muscle tone in laboratory studies.
Anabolic Benefits:
A mice study in the American Journal of Physiology tested the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on body fat and energy metabolism, and concluded that CLA reduces body fat in a variety of different ways among which are a reduction in energy intake, an increase in metabolic rate, and a shift in the nocturnal fuel mix.

A 1997 human study examining the efficacy and tolerability of CLA (Tonalin) on body composition found a 5 lb weight loss and a 15-20% body fat percentage drop in its treatment group, which took 1 gram of CLA with breakfast.

In a randomized, double-blind study of 60 overweight or obese volunteers, conjugated linoleic acid was shown to significantly reduce overall bodyfat mass.

A 1997 study of the effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice found a reduction in body fat deposition and increased lipolysis in adipocytes.

5-Methyl-7-Methoxy-Isoflavone

General Uses:
5-Methyl-7- Methoxy-Isoflavone, a.k.a. Methoxyisoflavone and Methoxy Methoxyflavone, is a naturally-derived, non-hormonal Anabolic and anti-catabolic compound more commonly known as a flavone. It has been shown to decrease cortisol levels, increase protein synthesis, and improve overall recovery from exercise.
Anabolic Benefits:
In an ovariectomized mice study, published by Metabolism, researchers demonstrated that the combined intervention of soy isoflavone (a 5-Methyl-7 derivative) and moderate exercise significantly increased lean body mass and bone mass while preventing body fat elevation.

A 2001 pig study on the growth, meat/muscle quality, and carcass trait effects of soy isoflavone (a 5-Methyl-7 derivative) determined that 5-Methyl steroidation increased in lean muscle and decreased fat.

Vanadyl Sulfate (Vanadium)

General Uses:
Vanadyl Sulfate is the most popular and most common form of vanadium, an element in the body that is found in foods such as pepper, dill, radishes, eggs, vegetable oils, buckwheat, and oats.
Anabolic Benefits:
In 2000 Metabolism published a study testing the metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate in non-insulin-dependent diabetics, and found that it positively modified proteins for greater muscle absorption.

A 2007 study on diabetic rats examining the effects of Vanadyl sulfate, taurine, and combined vanadyl sulfate and taurine treatments on the oxidative and antioxidative systems, found beneficial effects on both lipid levels and blood glucose.

The Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology published a 2004 study on fructose-fed rats which investigated the vascular responsiveness of differential effects and insulin sensitivity from sodium tungstate and vanadyl sulfate treatments. The researchers found that vanadyl reversed insulin resistance, further supporting its validity as a potent athletic steroid.

Dandelion

General Uses:
Dandelion, also known as taraxacum officinale is an age old European cure-all that is administered in the treatment of liver and kidney conditions, diarrhea, boils and fevers. It also works as an effective anti-inflammatory, digestive aid, mild laxative, and potent diuretic. Dandelion is a purported blood sugar level regulator, appetite stimulant and a noteworthy antioxidant.
Anabolic Benefits:
A 2005 dandelion extract study investigating its ability to prevent lipid oxidation while suppressing reactive oxygen and nitric oxide, found that dandelion extract possessed strong antioxidant activity and inhibited muscular nitric oxide build-up.

The Journal of Medicinal Food published a 2010 study that suggests that the remarkable anti-Inflammatory properties of dandelion are related to its direct inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines.